All biologists follow internationally agreed and accepted codes of rules or principles while assigning scientific name to known or newly discovered organisms. Binomial nomenclature for scientific naming of organisms was developed by Carolus Linnaeus . This system provides distinct and proper scientific names to variety of organisms. Each name has two parts, i.e., the first comprises of its generic name , while the second part is the specific epithet. This naming system which uses two word format is universally accepted and used, as it is more convenient to understand and follow.
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Rules of Binomial Nomenclature : Some universal rules of Nomenclature framed under codes of ICZN , ICBN , etc. are as follows.
1. Biological names are generally taken from Latin Language irrespective of their origin. New names are now derived either from Latin language or Latinised.
2. Each organism is given only one name consisting of two words. The first word in a biological name represents its genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.
3. The scientific name is printed in italics or underlined separately when hand written to indicate their Latin origin.
4. The first word denoting genus starts with a capital letter, while the specific epithet starts with a small letter.
5. The name of the author or discoverer is written after specific epithet in abbreviated form. For example, Magnifera india Linn., it indicates that this species was first described by Linnaeus.
6. All the three words ( generic name , species epithet and author citation ) collectively form binomial epithet.
7. Principle of priority : It is the most important of all the rules of ICBN. If first name given to the organism is valid (in terms of rules) , that will be considered at the first preference. Any other valid name given after that will be considered as synonym. No names are recognised prior to those used by Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae ( A book written by Linnaeus) for animals and 1753 for plants in Species Plantarum.
Some examples of Biological names of different creatures
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Common
Names
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Scientific
Names
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Human
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Homo
sapiens
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Lion
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Panthera
leo
|
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Dog
|
Canis
familiars
|
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Onion
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Allium
cepa
|
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Wheat
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Triticum
aestivum
|
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Brinjal
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Solanum
melongena
|
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Rose
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Rosa
indica
|
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Pigeon
|
Columba
livia
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